Rare Cases
Osteogenesis imperfecta
● Introduction: The patient, a 24-year-old lady, complained of low back discomfort during water tubing.The past
• Family history: osteoporosis in the father and sister;
• Previous childhood fractures (digital fractures, Colle's fracture);
• Normal menstruation, ade
DIOGENES SYNDROME
● Definition: Diogenes syndrome is a syndrome that may coexist with neurological or mental disorders, but it is not a separate psychiatric diagnostic in the DSM-5 or ICD-11. Behavioural symptoms of the syndrome include extreme self-neglect, compulsive hoarding of trash or anima
CLERAMBAULT'S SYNDROME
● Introduction:
Clérambault’s Syndrome, also called Erotomania, is a rare psychiatric condition in which a person has the delusional belief that someone, usually of higher social, professional, or financial status, is in love with them. It was first described in detail by G
OTHELLO SYNDROME
● Introduction:
Othello syndrome is a mental illness in which a person develops a persistent, mistaken belief that their spouse is cheating on them, even in the absence of proof. It is also known as delusional jealousy or morbid jealousy. The phrase originates from Othello, a
Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy
● Overview:
• Hashimoto thyroiditis is linked to this uncommon autoimmune disease, which primarily affects women (female:male ratio ~4:1).
• Although less often than in adults, it can happen to children and adolescents.
● Clinical manifestations can vary:
• Cogni
EKBOM'S SYNDROME
● Definition:
➣ A person with Ekbom's Syndrome, a rare mental illness, has a persistent, unfounded conviction that parasites (such as insects, worms, or mites) are infesting their skin, body, or environment, even in the face of overwhelming medical proof to the contrary.
Marchiafava-Bignami Disease
● Definition / Overview:
• MBD is a rare neurological disorder associated with chronic alcoholism.
• Characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum.
• Pathognomonic imaging sign: “Sandwich sign” – central necrosis with peripheral gliosis.
�
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome (Dancing Eyes–Dancing Feet)
● Introduction:
• An uncommon neurological condition brought on by autoimmune dysfunction.
• About 1 in 10,000,000 people are affected annually; 2–3% of youngsters are affected.
➣ Causes/Associations:
• Streptococcal, West Nile virus, HIV, post-viral, and rick
REDUPLICATIVE PARAMNESIA
🔹 Definition
Reduplicative Paramnesia is a rare delusional misidentification syndrome in which a patient believes that a place (hospital, home, city, or region) has been duplicated or exists simultaneously in two or more locations.
Example: A patient in a hospital insist
Ebstein Anomaly
● Patient: 28-year-old man who was formerly healthy
➣ Symptoms:
• Palpitations for six weeks, two to three times a week, lasting around thirty minutes
• Shortness of breath, or dyspnoea
➣ Physical examination: • Grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur of tricuspid regu
FREGOLI DELUSION
Fregoli delusion (also called Fregoli syndrome) is a rare psychiatric condition that falls under the category of delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS).
🔹 Definition
Fregoli delusion is a false belief that different people are actually a single person in disguis
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
● Introduction:
A uncommon but aggressive cancer of the small salivary glands of the palate, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is characterised by sluggish development, frequent invasion of the perineural space, and a high risk of distant metastases and local recurrence. The s