Rare Cases
KORSAKOFF SYNDROME
● Definition:
A severe thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is the cause of Korsakoff Syndrome, a chronic neuropsychiatric condition that is most frequently linked to long-term alcohol abuse but can also be brought on by chronic sickness, continuous vomiting, starvation, or eati
DIOGENES SYNDROME
● Definition: Diogenes syndrome is a syndrome that may coexist with neurological or mental disorders, but it is not a separate psychiatric diagnostic in the DSM-5 or ICD-11. Behavioural symptoms of the syndrome include extreme self-neglect, compulsive hoarding of trash or anima
CLERAMBAULT'S SYNDROME
● Introduction:
Clérambault’s Syndrome, also called Erotomania, is a rare psychiatric condition in which a person has the delusional belief that someone, usually of higher social, professional, or financial status, is in love with them. It was first described in detail by G
OTHELLO SYNDROME
● Introduction:
Othello syndrome is a mental illness in which a person develops a persistent, mistaken belief that their spouse is cheating on them, even in the absence of proof. It is also known as delusional jealousy or morbid jealousy. The phrase originates from Othello, a
EKBOM'S SYNDROME
● Definition:
➣ A person with Ekbom's Syndrome, a rare mental illness, has a persistent, unfounded conviction that parasites (such as insects, worms, or mites) are infesting their skin, body, or environment, even in the face of overwhelming medical proof to the contrary.
REDUPLICATIVE PARAMNESIA
🔹 Definition
Reduplicative Paramnesia is a rare delusional misidentification syndrome in which a patient believes that a place (hospital, home, city, or region) has been duplicated or exists simultaneously in two or more locations.
Example: A patient in a hospital insist
FREGOLI DELUSION
Fregoli delusion (also called Fregoli syndrome) is a rare psychiatric condition that falls under the category of delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS).
🔹 Definition
Fregoli delusion is a false belief that different people are actually a single person in disguis
Anti NMDA RECEPTOR ENCEPHALITIS
● Definition:
an autoimmune encephalitis brought on by antibodies that target the NMDA glutamate receptor, typically against the NR1 subunit. presents with a neurological progression (seizures, movement disorders, decreased consciousness, autonomic instability) after an early
Anti LGI1 Encephalitis
● Occurrence:
➣first mentioned in or around 2010.
➣ Case reports and series are now recorded all over the world.
➣For instance, in a Japanese case from 2024, a patient was diagnosed with anti-LGI1 encephalitis after being brought to psychiatry with anxiety, panic, and
Walking corpse syndrome
Cotard's delusion, sometimes known as "walking corpse syndrome," is a relatively uncommon mental illness in which a person feels as though they are dead, nonexistent, decaying, or have lost their internal organs or blood.
● Key features:
➣The main symptom is delusion of n